How an E-Commerce Product Recommendation Database Works: A Complete Guide

Boost sales and engagement with data-driven recommendations! Modern e-commerce platforms use databases to track user behavior, inventory, and purchase history—delivering personalized product suggestions that convert. This schema reveals how a high-performance system connects shoppers with the right items.

Schema Overview
This database powers an e-commerce recommendation engine, managing users, products, transactions, and AI-driven suggestions.

Core Components Explained

1. User Profiles & Preferences


Users {
user_id int pk
browsing_history json -- e.g., ["/electronics", "/books"]
purchase_frequency varchar(50) -- "High", "Medium", "Low"
}

  • Purpose: Tracks tastes, past purchases, and activity patterns to tailor suggestions.
  • Key Fields: browsing_history (for trend analysis), purchase_frequency (to prioritize promotions).

2. Product Catalog

 Products {
product_id int pk
category varchar(100) -- e.g., "Electronics"
price_range varchar(50) -- "Budget", "Premium"
stock_status boolean
}

  • AI Use Case: Products are tagged with metadata for matching (e.g., “similar items” or “frequently bought together”).

3. Real-Time User Activity
User_Activity {
session_id int
clicked_products int[] -- Array of product IDs
time_spent decimal(10,2)
}

  • Why It Matters: Tracks clicks, cart additions, and dwell time to infer interest.

4. Recommendation Engine
Recommendations {
algorithm varchar(100) -- "Collaborative Filtering", "Content-Based"
rank int -- Priority order (1 = highest)
expires_at timestamp -- Freshness control
}

  • How It Works: Combines user history, trending items, and inventory to rank suggestions.
  • Key Metric: rank ensures top recommendations appear first.

5. Trending & Seasonal Items
Trending_Products {
trend_score decimal(10,2) -- 0–100 (popularity index)
seasonality varchar(50) -- "Holiday", "Summer"
}

  • Business Impact: Surfaces high-demand items (e.g., “Back to School” deals).

Why This System Matters

  • Personalization: Shoppers see relevant items, reducing bounce rates.
  • Inventory Optimization: Promotes slow-moving stock via recommendations.
  • Scalability: Handles millions of users and products efficiently.

Who Benefits

  • Shoppers: Discover products aligned with their preferences.
  • Retailers: Increase average order value (AOV) with cross-sell prompts.
  • Marketing Teams: Leverage data for targeted campaigns.

Explore the Schema: Interactive E-Commerce Diagram

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